ANTI-SQUALENE ANTIBODIES LINK GULF WAR SYNDROME TO ANTHRAX VACCINE
http://www.autoimmune.com/GWSGen.html
Data published in the February 2000 and August 2002 issues of Experimental and
Molecular Pathology strongly suggests that Gulf War Syndrome is caused by a vaccine
contaminated with squalene.
The August 2002 article is entitled "Antibodies to Squalene in Recipients of Anthrax
Vaccine" (Exp. Mol. Pathol. 73,19-27 (2002)).
Gulf War Syndrome, or GWS, is the term which has been applied to the multi-symptom
rheumatic disorder experienced by many veterans of the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf war. A
similar disorder appeared in 1990-1991-era personnel who were never deployed to the
Persian Gulf theater of operations and also in other military personnel, including
participants in the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program, or AVIP, which was inaugurated
in 1997. No data has ever suggested that the disorder experienced by the deployed
1990-1991 soldiers is different from the disorder experienced by the other groups of
patients, but the other cases have not been considered to be cases of GWS.
Squalene was found by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in five lots of the AVIP
anthrax vaccine. The discovery of serum anti-squalene antibodies and the development of a
test to detect these antibodies has made it possible to see that links appear to exist
between the contaminated AVIP vaccine lots, the illness experienced by post-1997 vaccine
recipients, the illness experienced by non-deployed 1990-1991-era patients, and the
illness in deployed 1990-1991-era patients that has been referred to as GWS.
The data establishing these links is presented in the peer-reviewed February 2000 and
August 2002 articles. The published findings (1) strongly suggest that the GWS-like
illness being reported by all of the various patient groups is the same illness, (2)
strongly suggest that the contaminated vaccine caused the illness in the AVIP group, and
(3) further suggest that squalene contamination of one or more 1990-1991-era vaccines
accounts for the GWS cases from that era.
Before the anti-squalene antibody test was developed, there was no specific laboratory
test for GWS. Both articles suggest that the antibodies can serve as an excellent
laboratory marker to help identify patients with GWS. Using the antibodies as a laboratory
marker for GWS could be very useful in helping physicians diagnose the disorder and in
differentiating it from other rheumatic illnesses.
Anti-squalene antibodies might also provide a key to more effectively treating GWS
patients. The presence of the antibodies in GWS patients indicates that the immune system
is involved in the development of GWS. Effective drugs which modulate the human immune
system are already in wide use, but they have not been previously considered to be
appropriate for GWS patients. The published data now suggests that the use of immune
modulators in GWS patients should be studied.
A detailed discussion of the data in the February 2000 and August 2002 articles can be
found in the Autoimmune Technologies news release dated July 15, 2002.
Further information about the discovery of squalene in the AVIP vaccine lots can be found
in the statement made by former U.S. Congressman Jack Metcalf on September 27, 2000 to the
House Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations.
In March 1999, the United States General Accounting Office (the GAO) encouraged the
Department of Defense to investigate the discovery of anti-squalene antibodies. In
GAO/NSIAD-99-5, "Gulf War Illnesses - Questions About the Presence of Squalene
Antibodies in Veterans Can Be Resolved," the GAO urged the DoD to conduct its own
research into anti-squalene antibodies with two objectives in mind: (1) to confirm the
existence of the newly-discovered antibodies, and (2) to acquire patient data, explore the
apparent link between the antibodies and the illness in GWS patients, and attempt to
confirm or disprove the existence of such a link. Click on GAO/NSIAD-99-5 for a PDF
version of this report. See Notes on PDF Files if you would like help with the PDF format.
To satisfy the first GAO objective, the Army researchers confirmed that anti-squalene
antibodies do indeed exist and can reliably be detected. They published their findings in
an article entitled "Induction and Detection of Antibodies to Squalene," which
appeared in the November 2000 issue of the Journal of Immunological Methods (J Immunol
Methods 2000 Nov 1;245(1-2):1-14). The Army researchers conducted their testing by
applying squalene to the wells of ELISA plates. Dr. Robert F. Garry, the Tulane Medical
School professor who discovered anti-squalene antibodies and developed the test for
detecting them, and his colleagues conducted their testing for the February 2000 and
August 2002 articles by applying squalene to nitrocellulose strips in a Western-blot-type
assay. There is no material difference between the two test methods, and both are covered
by the patent which subsequently issued to Tulane.
Although the Army researchers confirmed the validity of the test and thus added support to
the February 2000 patient data, their November 2000 article included no patient data of
its own and as a result did not specifically address the GAO's second objective. The Army
researchers also failed to embrace the peer-reviewed February 2000 data itself, as is
discussed in the statement submitted by Dr. Garry to the House Subcommittee on National
Security, Veterans Affairs and International Relations for the record of its hearing into
Gulf War illnesses on January 24, 2002. Dr. Garry's statement can
be seen on the Subcommittee's Web site at http://www.house.gov/reform/ns/statements_witness/garry_jan_24.htm
and on the Autoimmune Technologies Web site at Garry 24 Jan 2002 House Subcommittee
Statement.
Tulane has licensed the anti-squalene antibody technology to Autoimmune Technologies. U.S.
Patent No. 6,214,566 covering the anti-squalene antibody test, which the Company calls the
Anti-Squalene Antibody Assay or ASA Assay, was awarded to Tulane in April 2001. Because
this patent covers the method which was used by the Army researchers to verify the
existence of the antibodies, Autoimmune Technologies has offered the ASA Assay technology
to the Department of Defense for use in conducting a large confirmatory study of the
patient data in the February 2000 and August 2002 articles. The Company has urged the DoD
to sponsor such a study.
For information about the patented Anti-Squalene Antibody Assay, go to the Gulf War
Syndrome Laboratory Test Page.
This material is not intended to take the place of a physician's advice.
See the Autoimmune Technologies GWS News Release dated July 15, 2002
See the Autoimmune Technologies GWS News Release dated January 31, 2000
Go to the Autoimmune Technologies Home Page
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